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Water resource conservation promotes synergy between economy and environment in China’s northern drylands

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1462-y

摘要：

•Considering evenness provides a more accurate assessment of sustainable development.

关键词： Water conservation Environmental protection Industry transformation Evenness Sustainable development Dryland

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论汽车动力总成节能环保的若干核心产品技术及FAW的技术对策

李骏

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第8期页码 64-71

摘要：

我国正由汽车工业消费大国向汽车生产大国过渡，汽车工业在GDP中的比重不断攀升，已成长为国民经济支柱，目前已基本形成汽车产品自主开发和技术创新能力。面对日益突出的能源及环境保护问题，以及正面参与国际竞争的压力，汽车产品的竞争要素也在不断转变，动力总成作为汽车产品的关键核心部件，在其中扮演着举足轻重的角色。随着竞争环境的复杂多变，以及顾客需求的多样化，汽车动力总成产品新的竞争局面正在形成，由单纯的追求性能，发展成为目前面向节能、环保、安全及发展循环经济的国际竞争，分析了中国汽车动力总成节能、环保的主要课题，阐述了目前汽车动力总成产品的主要技术，并剖析了一汽(FAW)的技术对策及产品战略。

关键词：汽车动力总成节能环保核心产品技术

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Sediment environmental capacity of 137Cs in Daya Bay

ZHANG Junli, CHEN Jiajun, XU Jialin, LI Yuanxin, HUANG Naiming

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 202-206 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0035-z

摘要： Sediment environmental capacity of pollutants is very important for marine environmental management. Based on the methodology of a study on water, soil environmental capacity, and mass conservation theory in a system, the concept and model on sediment environmental capacity for Cs in Daya Bay were developed. The static capacity for Cs in the upper sediment near the shore at a shallow area was calculated, and the annual dynamic capacity and total dynamic capacity were also calculated through determination of the typical biomass in the sediment. The results showed that the estimated environmental capacity for Cs in sediments was approximately equal to the current input of Cs into the sediments. Controlling the input of Cs in the sediments within the environmental capacity guarantees the sustainability of the current situation of the Daya Bay ecosystem and avoidance of a significant degradation of the system.

关键词： concept Sediment environmental conservation theory significant degradation ecosystem

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我国节能环保产业发展的思考

傅志寰,宋忠奎,陈小寰,王健夫,赵吉诗

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 75-80

摘要：

加快发展节能环保产业是推进我国产业结构调整、转变经济发展方式的重要途径，是应对气候变化，抢占未来竞争制高点的战略选择。本文介绍了我国节能环保产业发展的现状，分析了当前节能环保产业在发展过程中面临的问题，未来发展的重点领域和技术发展方向，提出了“十三五”期间我国节能环保产业发展的主要目标、相应的重点支撑工程和对策建议。

关键词：节能；环保；资源循环利用；产业；对策

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工程爆破节能环保技术研究与应用

刘友平,李义,张丕界,何广沂

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第9期页码 39-46

摘要：

工程爆破节能环保技术的核心内容是往炮眼中一定位置注入一定量的水并用专用设备制成的炮泥回填堵塞，与常规工程爆破相比，具有显著的节能环保作用。主要介绍了往炮眼底部注水在实际应用中所产生的作用与效果并对此进行了分析，而且通过模拟实验应变测试结果证明了理论分析的正确性。

关键词：工程水压爆破节能环保模拟实验应变测试

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Ecological conservation, remediation and construction for building an ecological civilization in China

Guofang SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 376-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017186

摘要： This paper explains and discusses the concepts of ecological conservation and construction in China in three parts. The first part provides a brief description of the historical background of ecological activities in China and their major achievements in the past. The second part is a comprehensive review of various types of ecological control activity aimed at the improvement of natural and artificially established ecosystems at the landscape, regional (watershed) and higher levels. The scope of and differences between some ecological terms used in China such as ecological protection, conservation, remediation (rehabilitation), restoration as well as the reestablishment of new ecosystems are elaborated. The review suggests that the term “ecological conservation and construction” should be used to embrace all types of ecological control activity in China. Finally, five guidelines are proposed for promoting the implementation of ecological conservation and construction in China based on the two important governmental documents related to the development of ecological civilization in China.

关键词： ecological conservation development construction ” description important governmental

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我国节能环保产业发展战略研究

冯慧娟,罗宏,裴莹莹,薛婕,杨占红,吕连宏

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第4期页码 1-8 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.04.001

摘要：

发展节能环保产业是建设生态文明、实现绿色发展的重要保障，也是经济新常态下国民经济的新增长点。从我国节能环保产业发展的现状出发，剖析产业发展的深层次问题。对“十三五”产业发展的新趋势做出研判，确定产业发展的目标和重点工程，提出促进我国节能环保产业发展的战略建议。

关键词：节能环保产业发展战略

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The Construction of a Green Transportation System of China

Zhi-huan Fu,Qing-zhong Luo,Guang-zhi Jia

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014003

摘要： Since the 21st century, the transportation industry in China has achieved rapid growth with a significant increase in the transport capacity; however the development has also greatly impacted the energy saving & environmental conservation. This paper takes into account non-commercial vehicles such as private cars in the statistics of energy consumption and pollution of Chinese transportation system. This method extends on previous methods which solely include commercial vehicles in these statistics. Based on more comprehensive quantitative data, it reviews the progress in the energy saving and environmental conservation efforts by the Chinese transportation industry and points out that the rapid increase of energy consumption and pollution emission and the deterioration of traffic congestion are prominent problems in the development of the Chinese transport industry. The main reasons for theses problems include the unbalanced development of different transport modes, the irrational layout of integrated transport hubs, the inadequate law, regulations and standards, and the use of suboptimal technology. Based on these findings, this paper proposes several goals for the construction of a green transportation system in China including the establishment of a transportation management system, the improvement of transportation energy efficiency, the control of environmental pollution and the alleviating of urban traffic congestion. Additionally, it points out that in order to build a green transportation system in China, multiple aspects should be enhanced, i.e., the formulation of traffic planning, the optimization of transport structure, the development of urban public transport, improvement of integrated hubs, administration of energy saving and environmental conservation, development of intelligent transportation systems, technical innovations, etc..

关键词： green transportation energy saving and emission reduction environmental conservation

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贯彻《节能法》推动节能工作

傅志寰

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第12期页码 13-16

摘要：

近年来我国能源消费增长快、利用效率低的问题比较突出，原有《节能法》已经不能适应当前节能工作的要求。为了推动全社会的节约能源工作，全国人大今年修订了这部法律。文章介绍了修订后的《节能法》基本思路、主要内容和实施后的初步效果。

关键词：法律能源节约

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Building Energy Conservation and Technology

Yi JIANG, Xiaohua LIU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 1-1 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0025-x

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CROP PROTECTION OPENS UP NEW ERA OF CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF GREEN OPTIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第1期页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021431

摘要：

China is the largest agricultural producer in the world. Reducing yield losses caused by pests is an important issue and major challenge for China, especially when confronting global climate change, biological invasions and declining agricultural biodiversity of recent decades. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the impacts of changing climate on two staple crops in China, wheat and rice (https://doi.org/FASE-2021432). They reviewed the impacts of climate change on crops, crop pests and crop diseases. Basically, increased temperature would reduce crop yields and increase pest damage. Biological invasions have become a serious threat to the agriculture worldwide. Developing approaches for monitoring and controlling invasive pests, such as fall armyworm, has been recognized as high priority for China. The excessive use of highly toxic pesticides has caused considerable damage to the environment and biodiversity, which is also one of the many contributors to the increasing outbreaks of pests and diseases. In addition, understanding interaction between crop pests and plant diseases is another critical challenge for agriculture. About 80% plant viruses can be transmitted by crop pest vectors such as aphids, whiteflies and other hemipteran pests. Therefore, to solve the problem of crop pests and diseases, suitable green crop protection methods have been identified as a key components of sustainable development. This special issue of Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering outlines potential conservation and utilization of green options for crop protection.

To prevent outbreaks of crop pests, an advanced monitoring and early warning system could be the first step in crop protection. The use of science and technology in monitoring and early warning of major crop pests provides better pest management and acts as a fundamental part of an integrated plant protection strategy to achieve the goal of sustainable development of agriculture. Wu et al. (this issue) summarized the fundamental information on pest monitoring and early warning in China by documenting the history of research and application, Chinese laws and regulations related to plant protection, and the National Monitoring and Early Warning System, with the purpose of presenting the Chinese model as an example of how to promote regional management of crop pests, especially cross border pests such as fall armyworm and locust, by international cooperation across pest-impacted countries (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021411). They provide an overview of long-term Chinese efforts in the fight against major pests and to present the country’s experience in crop pest monitoring and early warning technology to the world.

Field management is a traditional conservation agriculture technique on plant protection such as no-till cropping, crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping. Shi et al. (this issue) found that soil solarization is an environmental-friendly promising strategy that achieved complete mortality to the larvae of Bradysia cellarum (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021402). Crop rotation, intercropping and cover cropping of different crops or plants could help to reduce the outbreak of crop pests and diseases. Wang et al. (this issue) summarized the interactions and trade-offs between plants and entomophagous arthropods, and discussed a landscape management method by sowing flowering plants in agricultural fields (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021427). However, such methods are limited when crop pests have already become well established in crop fields.

Pesticides are widely used in the crop protection. The ideal pesticide should have high effectiveness in the control crop pests but low toxicity to non-target organisms. In this case, biopesticides including biochemical pesticides, microbial pesticides and plant-incorporated protectants are considered to be potential ideal pesticides for crop protection. Biochemical pesticides are the naturally occurring substances, they are derived from animals, plants and microorganisms. Microbial pesticides mainly rely on bacteria, fungi, virus or protozoans as the active agent. They are environment-friendly biopesticides with high effectiveness and species-specificity, and have been commercialized worldwide, for example, Bacillus thuringiensis. Plant-incorporated protectants are products that are genetically incorporated into plant tissues including chemicals, proteins or dsRNA for pest control or anti-microbial activity. Qu et al. (this issue) systematically introduced bioinsecticides for pest control and discussed current constraints that prevent bioinsecticides from being widely used and proposed the future research directions in this issue (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021404). Xu et al. (this issue) optimized synthesis process of an anti-plant-virus candidate drug NK0238, and evaluated the antivirus activity and environmental safety of this product (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021390). Zhu et al. (this issue) investigated a new family of natural cyclic lipodepsipeptides with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. By genetic manipulation of accessory genes in the WAP biosynthetic gene cluster, new WAP-8294As were produced in Lysobacter, which confirmed the possibility to expand the spectrum of the biocontrol compounds (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021410). In addition, structural biology studies on action targets provides important insights on molecular functions. Using a structure-based drug design strategy, Zheng et al. (this issue) prepared a battery of novel triketone-quinoxaline compounds, which could be potentially applied to design new herbicides targeting p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021401).

With the development and application of new biotechnology in agriculture, opportunities for crop protection are great becoming more abundant, opening new approaches, such as genetic engineering, to improve the plant resistance against crop pests and diseases. It is now feasible to control pests by directly targeting genes that are essential for the development and survival of insects and pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the sterile insect technique based on gene-drive and RNA interference using dsRNA. In addition, it has been confirmed that some gene families are effective targets that indirectly contribute to crop pests and diseases protection by targeting the plant biochemical synthesis or virus transmitting pathways. In this case, identifying new genes associated with the interaction between crops, insects, microorganisms should be a key focus, both now and in the future. Huang et al. (this issue) summarized the recent research on the interaction between plant viruses and insect vectors, and discussed the potential control strategies to prevent the transmission of insect-vectored plant viruses using RNAi technology, gene editing technology and gene-driven technology (https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021389).

We anticipate that the ideas and approaches highlighted in this issue will help broaden reader’s perspectives on every increasing prospect for a new era of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management.

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我国工业绿色发展战略研究

傅志寰,宋忠奎,陈小寰,李晓燕

《中国工程科学》 2015年第17卷第8期页码 16-22

摘要：

绿色发展是我国在发展过程中面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化所必须树立的理念和发展方向。本文通过分析我国近年来工业发展的成就以及面临的挑战，提出了我国工业绿色发展必须推进源头削减和末端治理相结合、持续深化信息技术在工业过程的应用、大力发展循环经济和战略性新兴产业、加快发展生产性服务业等对策和建议。

关键词：绿色发展；节能环保；结构调整；两化融合

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The effect of conservation tillage on crop yield in China

Hongwen LI,Jin HE,Huanwen GAO,Ying CHEN,Zhiqiang ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 179-185 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015058

摘要： Traditional agricultural practices have resulted in decreased soil fertility, shortage of water resources and deterioration of agricultural ecological environment, which are seriously affecting grain production. Conservation tillage (CT) research has been developed and applied in China since the 1960s and 1970s, and a series of development policies have been issued by the Chinese government. Recent research and application have shown that CT has positive effects on crop yields in China. According to the data from the Conservation Tillage Research Center (CTRC), Chinese Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the mean crop yield increase can be at least 4% in double cropping systems in the North China Plain and 6% in single cropping systems in the dryland areas of North-east and North-west China. Crop yield increase was particularly significant in dryland areas and drought years. The mechanism for the yield increase in CT system can be attributed to enhanced soil water content and improved soil properties. Development strategies have been implemented to accelerate the adoption of CT in China.

关键词： conservation tillage crop yield soil structure development strategies

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节能优先能源战略的经济学讨论

周大地

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第6期页码 11-18

摘要：

从我国面临科学发展和转变经济发展方式迫切需求出发，分析节能降耗的总体经济效益，以探讨实施积极的节能降耗目标的经济合理性。笔者对“十一五”期间节能降耗工作的总体经济效益进行了评估，用数据和事实肯定了“十一五”节能降耗的巨大经济效益；并分析了提高能效对我国“十二五”转变经济发展方式，支持长期可持续经济发展的宏观经济效果及其必要性和合理性。

关键词：能源战略节能降耗节能经济效益科学发展经济学

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Relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and ecological conservation redline

Dawei ZHANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 557-563 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0077-5

摘要： From a philosophical point of view, this study discusses the dialectical relationship between the development of energy and mineral resources and the ecological conservation redline. We propose that the ecological conservation redline and the development of energy and mineral resources should be guided by ecological civilization construction, that is, the energy and mineral resources should be rationally developed under the condition that the ecological environment is protected. This study analyzes the influence of the development of energy and mineral resources on the ecological environment. The handling of mining rights within the ecological conservation redline based on the law and the reduction of the influence of the development of energy mineral resources on the ecological environment by science and technology are presented. The environmental assessment system and technical standards for energy and mineral development are suggested to implement policies and measures for the disposal of mining rights within the redline and facilitate technological innovations of ecological conservation for energy and mineral development. Hence, a coordinated development between the ecological conservation redline and the development of energy and mineral resources can be promoted.

关键词： ecological conservation redline development of energy and mineral resources coordinated development